Hello Readers! I’m excited to provide you all with some cool new stuff that was introduced recently with System Center 2012 R2. If you haven’t reviewed our Introduction post on SMA, go check it out here: Automation–An Introduction to Service Management Automation to get the “nickel tour” of all the rundown of Service Management Automation (SMA) and PowerShell Workflow.
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Once you’ve fully digested that post, this information will make a bit more sense – at least you’ll have the terms fresh in your brain Image may be NSFW.
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. Another great post to review is theAutomation—Service Management Automation – Getting Started with SMA Runbooks where we go through the “6 Steps to Success with Getting Started with SMA” that include setup, configuration, testing and execution of SMA Runbooks in your environment.
What’s This Post All About?
For this post I’m going to introduce a collection of example SMA Runbooks that you can use to get acquainted with the platform. Along the way, we’ll dive a bit into some compare/contrast to show how it is done in Orchestrator and how we’re handling the same process in SMA. The Orchestrator content in this article: Automation–Orchestrator and the Exchange PowerShell Activity will be elaborated and this post will show you how to translate that solution into a set of SMA Runbooks. At the end of this post you will be able to see on how things translate from from Orchestrator to SMA.
This post will cover:
- Some configuration steps specific to this solution
- A series of SMA Runbooks that will
- Create a distribution list in Exchange (checking first to see if it exists)
- Read a list of users from a file (this can be any list that you feed it but for this post, a file)
- Add those users into the distribution list (again making sure the DL exists)
- A few points of comparison on how doing this in SMA differs over Orchestrator
On With the Example!
First things first, we need to get some pre-requisite stuff out of the way to ensure you have the best chance of success in getting up and running. We’ll be covering the specific configuration items needed to get this example up in running by leveraging the key steps outlined in the Automation—Service Management Automation – Getting Started with SMA Runbooks.
Ensure Your SMA Environment is Up and Available
Make sure you have SMA installed. If you haven’t already, refer to our initial intro blog post for more information on that:Automation–An Introduction to Service Management Automation, then come back.
Configure Environment Specific Settings for Creating an Exchange DL with SMA
Next we need to get some specific settings done for Exchange and SMA to get this example executing successfully.
- Prepare Exchange and SMA for the Runbooks: Go here http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/jj614529.aspx and follow the steps in the Configure Windows PowerShell and WinRM for the Exchange Admin Integration Pack (only – no need to do the rest). Essentially we need to get the PowerShell environment all setup to support the automation between the SMA Worker and the Exchange Server. Some of this you may have already got taken care of if you reviewed the Automation—Service Management Automation – Getting Started with SMA Runbooks post.
- Create an Input File for Your User List: Create a basic text file with user accounts (UserListFile.txt) that you want to add to your distribution list and put it on your Runbook Worker server in [Default: c:\SMA\content]. The example name and location of the file provided here are not critical, we’ll dive into modifying those details that in the overview section below.
Example
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Download the Example SMA Runbooks for Creation of an Exchange DL
The sample Runbooks we are going to review in this post are all located on the TechNet Gallery location here: SMA Example - Build Exchange Distribution List (w/PowerShell v3 Workflow) . Go out and get them downloaded, extracted, and we’ll jump into the process of importing them below.
Validating Connection with Exchange and PowerShell Remoting
The user ID you are leveraging for creating the Exchange Distribution List needs to have the appropriate rights to do so. We also need to ensure you can connect to the Exchange environment using PowerShell Remoting.
A way to validate rights for the service account you have created / been given, is to make the same connection to your Exchange server in a PowerShell session as you do with the SMA Runbooks being leveraged. Execute a simple script within PowerShell ISE from the SMA Runbook Worker to validate you have the necessary rights (see below).
Example
001 002 003 004 005 006 | $conn = New-PSSession -ConfigurationName Microsoft.Exchange -ConnectionUri http://ex01.contoso.com/PowerShell/ -Authentication Kerberos -Credential (Get-Credential) Import-PSSession $conn Get-User #Don't forget to remove the session :) Remove-PSSession $conn |
You should see something like the below output.
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Note This will only validate you can make a connection and that you’ve setup PowerShell correctly for remote access – you need to ensure the account also has the rights it needs (delegated in Exchange) to perform the operations you are going after. I’ll be covering some of the code we used to create the Exchange DL in the overview section below, so you could certainly execute that in this session as validation of rights.
Import the Runbooks into SMA
If you have any questions on this process, follow the details outlined here in Step 5:Automation—Service Management Automation – Getting Started with SMA Runbooks.
Once all the Runbooks are imported, you should see within the AUTOMATION section of Windows Azure Pack (WAP) console, a series of (5) Runbooks related to to this project. We’ll get into some best practices in a later post to show you how to organize these Runbooks, but for now you are ensuring you have the following Runbooks in your view (they may span across pages so you may have to click page 2, 3, etc. to see all Runbooks).
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Create Your Test Exchange Distribution List
Final step is to test the solution in your environment within the WAP console. If you need a refresh on executing SMA Runbooks in WAP, all details on how this done can be referenced in the Automation—Service Management Automation – Getting Started with SMA Runbooks.
Overview of SMA Runbooks
Let’s break down each Runbook and talk about how they are all related and key in on some new ideas and constructs to be aware of.
Build-Exchange-Distribution-List
This is the top Process level Runbook that is used to execute the entire process.
- Sets the variables for the execution of the entire process
- Gathers members to add to a DL from an input file
- Creates a DL if one by that name doesn’t already exist
- Adds users to the defined distribution list (validating first that the DL exists).
001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 | workflow Build-Exchange-Distribution-List { <# Project Name: Build Exchange Distribution List Runbook Name: Build-Exchange-Distribution-List Runbook Type: Process Runbook Tags: Type:Process, Proj:Build Exchange Distribution List Runbook Description: Process Runbook for the "Build Exchange Distribution List" Project Runbook Author: Charles Joy & Jim Britt Runbook Creation Date: 06/20/2013 #> $PSCredName = "Contoso Creds" $ExchangeServer = "EX01" $UserListFile = "C:\sma\content\UserListFile.txt" $DomainFQDN = "contoso.com" $DistributionListName = "DIST123" $DLOU = "contoso.com/rooms" $Members = Get-Users-From-File -UserListFile $UserListFile $DLCreated = Create-Exchange-Distribution-List -DistributionListName $DistributionListName -DLOU $DLOU -DomainFQDN $DomainFQDN -ExchangeServer $ExchangeServer -PSCredName $PSCredName If($DLCreated){ $UsersAdded = Add-Exchange-Distribution-List-Members -DistributionListName $DistributionListName -DomainFQDN $DomainFQDN -ExchangeServer $ExchangeServer -Members $Members -PSCredName $PSCredName } } |
Note One thing to keep in mind, the “Contoso Creds” above is an SMA credential variable. Variables (credential or otherwise) are located and created in the RESOURCES section within the AUTOMATION area of the portal. SMA credential variables enable you to create and store PowerShell credential objects as connections to resources in your environment. These can then be referenced by name (as we did above) and leveraged throughout your Runbook execution without hard coding or prompting. Pretty slick! Image may be NSFW.
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Process level Runbooks in SMA function the same as they do in Orchestrator. They are the top level Runbook that triggers all the subroutine Runbooks. They essentially control the flow of the Runbook execution. Take a look at this post where we covered Process level Runbooks as part of our best practice series: Automation–System Center 2012 – Orchestrator Best Practice Series–Naming Conventions. To compare / contrast, the above Runbook may look like the below in Orchestrator to accomplish the same task. The highlighted area above would represent variables that would be defined in the Global Settings section within Orchestrator. We’ll use these throughout the execution of the Runbooks, but define them at the top level Process Runbook (much in the same way we do in Orchestrator).
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Get-Users-From-File
This subroutine Runbook gets an array of users from a text file. This one is pretty straightforward, but essentially we’re just gathering content from an input file.
- Param from process Runbook containing the file name and path to collect required information
- Returning the list of users to the process Runbook as an array
Note This is where I’d recommend getting a bit fancier than I did Image may be NSFW.
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. Making a connection to Active Directory and obtaining a list of users or from a CMDB, etc. Static files are rarely a good idea, but they work well for this example.
001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 | workflow Get-Users-From-File { <# Project Name: Build Exchange Distribution List Runbook Name: Get-Users-From-File Runbook Type: Subroutine Runbook Tags: Type:Sub, Proj:Build Exchange Distribution List Runbook Description: Subroutine Runbook for obtaining users from a test file Runbook Author: Charles Joy & Jim Britt Runbook Creation Date: 06/20/2013 #> param( [string]$UserListFile ) $UserList = Get-Content $UserListFile $UserList } |
To compare / contrast, the above Runbook may look like the below in Orchestrator to accomplish the same task.
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Create-Exchange-Distribution-List
This subroutine Runbook creates an Exchange distribution list (validates that it doesn’t already exist before creating).
- Taking in parameters from the parent Process level Runbook
- Checking for the existence of of the defined Exchange distribution list we want to create
- If it doesn’t exist, we connect to Exchange using defined credentials and creating the distribution list accordingly
- Finally, we close the PowerShell session and return the results to the parent Runbook
001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 | workflow Create-Exchange-Distribution-List { <# Project Name: Build Exchange Distribution List Runbook Name: Create-Exchange-Distribution-List Runbook Type: Subroutine Runbook Tags: Type:Sub, Proj:Build Exchange Distribution List Runbook Description: Subroutine Runbook for creating an Exchange DL Runbook Author: Charles Joy & Jim Britt Runbook Creation Date: 06/20/2013 #> param( [string]$ExchangeServer, [string]$DomainFQDN, [string]$DistributionListName, [string]$DLOU, [string]$PSCredName ) $PSUserCred = Get-AutomationPSCredential -Name $PSCredName $DLExists = Get-Exchange-Distribution-List -DistributionListName $DistributionListName -DomainFQDN $DomainFQDN -ExchangeServer $ExchangeServer -PSCredName $PSCredName $DLExists If(!$DLExists) { $DLCreated = InlineScript{ $ConnectionURI = "http://$Using:ExchangeServer.$Using:DomainFQDN/PowerShell/" $CreateDLConn = New-PSSession -ConfigurationName Microsoft.Exchange -ConnectionUri $ConnectionURI -Authentication Kerberos -Credential $Using:PSUserCred $CreateDL = Invoke-Command{ param( [string]$DistributionListName, [string]$DLOU ) New-DistributionGroup -Name $DistributionListName -OrganizationalUnit $DLOU } -Session $CreateDLConn -ArgumentList $Using:DistributionListName, $Using:DLOU $CreateDL Remove-PSSession $CreateDLConn } -psComputerName $ExchangeServer -psCredential $PsUserCred $DLCreated } } |
To compare / contrast, the above Runbook may look like the below in Orchestrator to accomplish the same task.
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Clik here to view.![image]( "image")
Get-Exchange-Distribution-List
This subroutine Runbook is used to check for the existence of an Exchange distribution list
- Take in parameters sent from the parent Process Runbook
- Connect to Exchange with the defined named SMA credential variable
- Execute a query against Exchange to determine if the distribution list exists
- Clean up the PowerShell session (remove it)
- Return the status of the existence of the distribution list to the Parent Process Runbook
001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 | workflow Get-Exchange-Distribution-List { <# Project Name: Build Exchange Distribution List Runbook Name: Get-Exchange-Distribution-List Runbook Type: Subroutine Runbook Tags: Type:Sub, Proj:Build Exchange Distribution List Runbook Description: Subroutine Runbook for validating the existence of an Exchange DL Runbook Author: Charles Joy & Jim Britt Runbook Creation Date: 06/20/2013 #> param( [string]$ExchangeServer, [string]$DomainFQDN, [string]$DistributionListName, [string]$PSCredName ) $PSUserCred = Get-AutomationPSCredential -Name $PSCredName $DLData = InlineScript{ $ConnectionURI = "http://$Using:ExchangeServer.$Using:DomainFQDN/PowerShell/" $GetDLConn = New-PSSession -ConfigurationName Microsoft.Exchange -ConnectionUri $ConnectionURI -Authentication Kerberos -Credential $Using:PSUserCred Try{ $GetDL = Invoke-Command{ param( [string]$DistributionListName ) Get-DistributionGroup $DistributionListName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue } -Session $GetDLConn -ArgumentList $Using:DistributionListName $GetDL } catch{} Remove-PSSession $GetDLConn } -psComputerName $ExchangeServer -psCredential $PSUserCred $DLData } |
To compare / contrast, the above Runbook may look like the below in Orchestrator to accomplish the same task.
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Add-Exchange-Distribution-List-Members
This subroutine Runbook adds the users gathered from the input file into the targeted Exchange distribution list
001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 043 044 045 | workflow Add-Exchange-Distribution-List-Members { <# Project Name: Build Exchange Distribution List Runbook Name: Add-Exchange-Distribution-List-Members Runbook Type: Subroutine Runbook Tags: Type:Sub, Proj:Build Exchange Distribution List Runbook Description: Subroutine Runbook for adding users to an Exchange DL Runbook Author: Charles Joy & Jim Britt Runbook Creation Date: 06/20/2013 #> param( [string]$ExchangeServer, [string]$DomainFQDN, [string]$DistributionListName, [string[]]$Members, [string]$PSCredName ) $PSUserCred = Get-AutomationPSCredential -Name $PSCredName $DLExists = Get-Exchange-Distribution-List -DistributionListName $DistributionListName -DomainFQDN $DomainFQDN -ExchangeServer $ExchangeServer -PSCredName $PSCredName If($DLExists) { $DLMembersAdded = InlineScript{ $ConnectionURI = "http://$Using:ExchangeServer.$Using:DomainFQDN/PowerShell/" $AddMemberDLConn = New-PSSession -ConfigurationName Microsoft.Exchange -ConnectionUri $ConnectionURI -Authentication Kerberos -Credential $Using:PSUserCred $AddMemberDL = "" foreach($Member in $Using:Members) { $AddMemberDL += Invoke-Command{ param( [string]$DistributionListName, [string]$Member ) Add-DistributionGroupMember -Identity $DistributionListName -Member $Member } -Session $AddMemberDLConn -ArgumentList $Using:DistributionListName, $Using:Member } $AddMemberDL Remove-PSSession $AddMemberDLConn } -psComputerName $ExchangeServer -psCredential $PSUserCred $DLMembersAdded } } |
To compare / contrast, the above Runbook may look like the below in Orchestrator to accomplish the same task.
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That’s it! I hope this post has provided you with a helpful overview of an end-to-end example solution in SMA and how it compares to what can also be accomplished in Orchestrator. Thanks for reading!
For more information, tips/tricks, and example solutions for SMA, be sure to watch for future blog posts in the Automation Track!
Till next time, Happy Automating!
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